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📝 Text Fragments Guide

Text fragments are the foundation of pedagogical messages. They handle all text-based content from headings to paragraphs to quotes.

Fragment Types

1. Headings (h1_, h2_, h3_, h4_)

Headings create document structure and are automatically numbered in some contexts.

markdown

# Main Title (h1_)
## Section Title (h2_)
### Subsection (h3_)
#### Sub-subsection (h4_)

Features: - Auto-generated IDs for navigation - Automatic numbering (Roman for h2, letters for h3, numbers for h4) - Used for TOC generation

2. Paragraphs (p_)

The most common fragment type. Any regular text becomes a paragraph.

markdown

This is a simple paragraph.

This paragraph has **bold**, *italic*, `code`, and $LaTeX$ content.

Styled Paragraphs:

markdown

This has a colored background.
{: .bg-primary}

This is a lead paragraph - larger and emphasized.
{: .lead}

Multiple classes can be combined.
{: .bg-white .text-center .font-bold}

3. Blockquotes (q_)

Used for quotes, highlights, or important notes.

markdown

&gt; This is a blockquote.
&gt; It can span multiple lines.
&gt; 
&gt; And have multiple paragraphs.

Nested Content:

markdown

&gt; **Important:** Blockquotes can contain:
&gt; - Lists
&gt; - *Formatting*
&gt; - Even `code`

4. Lists (ul_, ol_, lbl_)

Unordered Lists

markdown

- Item 1
- Item 2
  - Nested 2.1
  - Nested 2.2
- Item 3

Ordered Lists

markdown

1. First step
2. Second step
   1. Sub-step A
   2. Sub-step B
3. Third step

Labeled Lists

markdown

- Special item 1
- Special item 2
{: .lbl}

5. Horizontal Rule (hr_)

Creates a visual separator between sections.

markdown

Content above

---

Content below

Styling with Attributes

The PM system supports markdown attribute lists for adding CSS classes:

markdown

This paragraph has custom styling.
{: .class-name}

Multiple classes can be applied.
{: .class1 .class2 .class3}

Common Style Classes

Class	Effect
`.lead`	Larger, emphasized text
`.bg-primary`	Primary background color
`.bg-secondary`	Secondary background color
`.bg-white`	White background
`.text-center`	Center-aligned text
`.font-bold`	Bold text
`.nm`	No margin
`.mx-auto`	Center horizontally

Text Fragment Data Structure

Each text fragment has: - f_type: The fragment type enum value - html: The rendered HTML content - data: Additional metadata (empty for most text fragments) - class_list: CSS classes to apply

Best Practices

1. Use Semantic Headings

Start with h1 for the main title
Use h2 for major sections
Don't skip heading levels

2. Keep Paragraphs Focused

One idea per paragraph
Use blockquotes for emphasis
Apply styling sparingly

3. Choose Appropriate Lists

Unordered for non-sequential items
Ordered for steps or rankings
Labeled for special formatting

4. Use Dividers Sparingly

Only between major sections
Not between every fragment

Examples in Context

Academic Content

markdown

# Introduction to Calculus

Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change.
{: .lead}

## Key Concepts

### Derivatives

The derivative represents the rate of change of a function.

&gt; **Definition:** The derivative of f(x) at point a is:
&gt; $$f'(a) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(a+h) - f(a)}{h}$$

### Applications

Derivatives are used in:
- Physics (velocity, acceleration)
- Economics (marginal cost)
- Engineering (optimization)

Tutorial Content

markdown

## Python Variables

Variables store data for later use.
{: .bg-primary}

### Creating Variables

Follow these steps:

1. Choose a descriptive name
2. Use the assignment operator (=)
3. Assign a value

```python
age = 25
name = "Alice"

Tip: Variable names should be lowercase with underscores for spaces.

Practice Exercise

Try creating your own variables below.


## Fragment Processing

The fragment builder:
1. Parses markdown to HTML
2. Identifies tag types
3. Extracts content and attributes
4. Creates fragment objects
5. Validates structure
6. Applies styling

## Advanced Features

### Dynamic IDs
Headings automatically get IDs for linking:
```markdown
## My Section
&lt;!-- Creates id="my-section" --&gt;

TOC Generation

The [TOC] marker creates a table of contents from all headings.

Inline Math

LaTeX math works in all text fragments:

markdown

The equation $E = mc^2$ shows energy-mass equivalence.

Validation Rules

Text fragments are validated for: - Proper HTML structure - Valid attribute syntax - Appropriate nesting - Character encoding

Tips for Educators

Structure First: Plan your heading hierarchy
Visual Hierarchy: Use styling to guide attention
Consistency: Apply styles consistently
Accessibility: Ensure good contrast and readability
Progressive Disclosure: Start simple, add complexity

This guide covers all text-based fragment types. For interactive fragments, see the Interactive Fragments Guide.